The lungs contain thousands of thin tubes that end in bunches of tiny air sacs (alveoli). Each one of these sacs is covered in blood vessels that connect to a system of veins and arteries that move blood through the body. When you take a breath, the pulmonary (lung) artery and its branches bring blood containing lots of carbon dioxide and no oxygen into these vessels. Carbon dioxide leaves the blood and enters the air, and oxygen leaves the air and enters the blood. Once the blood has plenty of oxygen and no carbon dioxide, it is returned to the heart and pumped to the rest of the body. The diaphragm: Located below the lungs, the diaphragm is the main muscle needed to breathe. It separates the chest and abdominal cavities and contracts to help inflate the lungs. Intercostal muscles: Located between the ribs, these muscles give the lungs room to breathe by expanding and contracting the chest cavity.
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